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_John OF GAUNT ______|
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|--John BEAUFORT
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|_Katherine DE ROëT _|
(1350 - 1403) |
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[5214]
The Life Summary of John
When John Beaufort 1st Earl of Somerset was born on 29 January 1371, in Kettlethorpe, Lincolnshire, England, his father, John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, was 30 and his mother, Katherine de Roet Duchess of Lancaster, was 20. He had at least 3 sons and 2 daughters with Margaret Holland Duchess of Clarence. He registered for military service in 1397. In 1404, at the age of 33, his occupation is listed as lord high constable of england. He died on 16 March 1410, in London, England, at the age of 39, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England.
John Beaufort, 1st Marquess of Somerset and 1st Marquess of Dorset, later only 1st Earl of Somerset, KG (c. 1373-16 March 1410) was an English nobleman and politician. He was the first of the four children of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and his mistress Katherine Swynford, whom he married in 1396. Beaufort's surname probably reflects his father's lordship of Beaufort in Champagne, France.
The Beaufort children were declared legitimate twice by parliament during the reign of King Richard II of England, in 1390 and 1397, as well as by Pope Boniface IX in September 1396. Even though they were the grandchildren of Edward III and next in the line of succession after their father's legitimate children by his first two wives, the Beauforts were barred from succession to the throne by their half-brother Henry IV.
«b»Early life«/b»
Between May and September 1390, Beaufort saw military service in North Africa in the Barbary Crusade led by Louis II, Duke of Bourbon. In 1394, he was in Lithuania serving with the Teutonic Knights.
John was created Earl of Somerset on 10 February 1397, just a few days after the legitimation of the Beaufort children was recognized by Parliament. The same month, he was also appointed Admiral of the Irish fleet, as well as Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports. In May, his admiralty was extended to include the northern fleet. That summer, the new earl became one of the noblemen who helped Richard II free himself from the power of the Lords Appellant. As a reward, he was created Marquess of Somerset and Marquess of Dorset on 29 September, and sometime later that year he was made a Knight of the Garter and appointed Lieutenant of Aquitaine. In addition, two days before his elevation as a Marquess he married the king's niece, Margaret Holland, sister of Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, another of the counter-appellants. John remained in the king's favour even after his older half-brother Henry Bolingbroke (later Henry IV) was banished from England in 1398.
«b»Later career«/b»
After Richard II was deposed by Henry Bolingbroke in 1399, the new king rescinded the titles that had been given to the counter-appellants, and thus John Beaufort became merely Earl of Somerset again. Nevertheless, he proved loyal to his half-brother's reign, serving in various military commands and on some important diplomatic missions. It was Beaufort who was given the confiscated estates of the Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndwr in 1400, although he would not have been able to take possession of these estates unless he had lived until after 1415. In 1404, he was named Constable of England.
«b»Family«/b»
John Beaufort and his wife Margaret Holland, the daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent and Alice FitzAlan, had six children. His granddaughter Lady Margaret Beaufort married Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, the son of Dowager Queen Catherine of Valois by Owen Tudor.
Somerset died in the Hospital of St Katharine's by the Tower. He was buried in St Michael's Chapel in Canterbury Cathedral.
His children included the following:
1.) Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset (1401-25 November 1418)
2.) John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset (baptized 25 March 1404-27 May 1444), father of Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, grandfather of King Henry VII of England
2.) Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland (1404-15 July 1445) married James I, King of Scots.
5.) Thomas Beaufort, Count of Perche (1405-3 October 1431)
6) Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset (1406-22 May 1455)
7.) Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Devon (1409-1449) married Thomas de Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon.
«b»Titles, styles, honours and arms«/b»
«b»Arms«/b»
As a legitimated grandson of the sovereign, Beaufort bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a bordure gobony argent and azure.
The family emblem featuring the portcullis was shown on the reverse of British pennies minted between 1971 and 2008.
According to genealogists, a few of Beaufort's notable descendants include British actor Benedict Cumberbatch and codebreaker Alan Turing. Coincidentally, Cumberbatch portrayed Turing in the film The Imitation Game.
This individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File: John "Of Gaunt" // (AFN:8N4D-CL) and Catherine /ROET/ (AFN:8J5H-L2)
Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson, Vol. 1 pg 655; Vol. 3 pg 435/497; Vol. 4 pg 642-43; Vol. 5 pg 41
K.G., of Corfe, Dorset, King's knight, Lieutenant of the Duchy of Aquitaine, 1397-1401, Constable of Wallingford Castle, 1397, Constable of Dover Castle, and Warden of the Cinque Ports, 1398-9, Admiral of the Fleet in the West and North, 1398-9, 1406-7, Chamberlain of England, 1399, Privy Councillor, 1401, 1404, 1406, Captain of Calais, 1401, Lieutenant of South Wales, 1403, Vice Constable of England, 1404, Constable of Corfe Castle, 1407, illegitimate son born about 1371 (aged 21 in 1392).
In 1390, as Monseigneur Jebon de Biaufort [John de Beaufort], bastart de Lancastre, he bore himself with credit at the jousts of Saint Inglevert. The same year he joined the Crusade of Louis II, Duke of Bourbon, the Barbary, and was present at the futile Siege of El Mahadia southeast of Tunis. In 1391 he was granted the manor of Overstone, Northamptonshire by his father, John of Gaunt. He presented to the church of Overstone, Northamptonshire, 1393, 1409. In 1394 he was in Lithuania, engaged in the Crusade organized by the Teutonic knights, and was probably present at the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396. He was Legitimated with the assent of Parliament by letters patent dated 9 Feb 1396/7.
He was created Earl of Somerset 10 Feb 1396/7, and Marquess of Dorset 29 Sep 1397. He was legatee in the 1397 will of his father. He was summoned to Parliament from 17 Sep 1397 to 30 Sep 1399, as Marquess of Dorset.
He married before 28 Sep 1397 Margaret Holand. They had four sons, Henry [Earl of Somerset], John, K.G. [1st Duke of Somerset, Earl of Kendall], Thomas [Count of Perche], and Edmund, K.G. [2nd Duke of Somerset, Count of Mortain], and two daughters, Joan and Margaret.
By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, John.
He was degraded from the Marquessate of Dorset by Parliament 3 Nov 1399, and was afterwards considered Earl of Somerset. He presented to the chantry in the church of Lund, Yorkshire in 1402. In 1402 he escorted the king's daughter, Blanche, to Cologne for her marriage with the Count Palatine, and, in 1403 he escorted Joan of Navarre, King Henry IV's second wife, from Brittany to England. In 1409 he represented the Garter Knights in a joust with Jean de Wechin of Hainault at Smithfield.
He died in the hospital of St. Katherine-by-the-Tower 16 Mar 1409/10, and was buried in St. Thomas's Chapel in the Cathedral church of Canterbury, Kent. He left a will dated 16 Mar 1410, proved 5 Apr 1410.
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Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
JOHN Beaufort, son of JOHN "of Gaunt" Duke of Lancaster & his third wife Katharine Swynford née Roët ([1372/75]-Hospital of St Katherine by the Tower, London 16 Mar 1410, bur Canterbury Cathedral). A late 15th century/early 16th century manuscript records that “post mortem Constancie secunde uxoris”, “Johannes Gaunt” married “dominam Katerinam de Swynfurth” by whom “in diebus domine Blanchie prime uxoris sue” he had “Johannem Bowfurth comitem Somersissie, Johannam Bowfurth comitissam Westmorelandie, Henricum Bowfurth presbiterum cardinalem et episcopum Wyntonyensem...Thomam Bowforth ducem Exoniensem vel Exeter” who were legitimated by the Pope and called “Bowfurthes aut Faerborne”[1273]. Froissart records that “monseigneur Jehon de Biaufort bastart de Lancastre” jousted at Saint-Inglevert in 1390[1274]. Created Earl of Somerset 10 Feb 1397, the day after his legitimization by Parliament, and Marquess of Dorset and Somerset 9 Sep 1397. Appointed Constable of Dover castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports for life 5 Feb 1398. He was the King's Lieutenant in Aquitaine 29 Aug 1398. The will of "John son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster", dated 3 Feb 1397, chose burial “in the cathedral church of St Paul, of London...beside my...late wife Blanch”, bequeathed property to “Dame Katherine del Staple...my...wife Katherine...my...brother the Duke of York...my...son Henry Duke of Hereford, Earl of Derby...my...daughter Philippa Queen of Portugal...my...daughter Katherine Queen of Castile and Leon...my...daughter Elizabeth Duchess of Exeter...my...son John Beaufort Marquis of Dorset...my...son the Bishop of Lincoln...my...son Thomas Beaufort...my...daughter their sister Countess of Westmoreland and Lady of Nevil...my...son John brother to...Henry...Mons. Thomas Swyneford...Mons Walter Blount...”[1275]. He was degraded from the Marquessate 3 Nov 1399 following the accession of King Henry IV, and was known thereafter as Earl of Somerset. Despite this, he was in favor with Henry IV and was appointed Chamberlain of England 7 Nov 1399, a post which he held until his death. The will of "John Beaufort late Earl of Somerset, Chamberlain of England and Captain of Calais", dated 16 Mar 1409, proved 5 Apr 1410, bequeathed property to “Henry his brother...Bishop of Winchester” and appointed him and “Margaret his wife” as his executors[1276].
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'Plantagenet Ancestry', by Douglas Richardson pg 660/1
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'Magna Carta Ancestry', by Douglas Richardson Pg 754/5
Knt., K.G., King's knight, Constable of Wallingford Castle, Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports, Admiral of the Fleet in the West and North, Chamberlain of England, Captain of Calais, King's Lieutenant of South Wales, Constable of England, Constable of Corfe Castle; aged 21 in 1392.
In 1390, as Monseigneur Jehon de Biaufort [John de Beaufort], bastart de Lancastre, he bore himself with credit at the jousts of Saint Inglevert. The same year he joined the Crusade of Louis II, Duke of Bourbon, to Barbary, and was present at the Siege of Medediah southeast of Tunis. In 1391 he was granted the manor of Overston, Northamptonshire by his father, John of Gaunt. In 1394 he was in Lithuania, engaged in the Crusade organized by the Teutonic knights. He was legitimated with the assent of Parliament by letters patent dated 9 Feb 1396/7. He was created Earl of Somerset 10 Feb 1396/7, and Marquess of Dorset 29 Sep 1397. He was summoned to Parliament from 17 Sep 1399, and was afterwards considered Earl of Somerset. In 1402 he escorted the king's daughter, Blanche , to Cologne for her marriage with the Count Palatine, and, in 1403 he escorted Joan of Navarre, King Henry IV's second wife, from Brittany to England. In 1409 he represented the Garter Knights in a joust with Jean de Werchin of Hainault in Smithfield.